2009 is the last year of construction in the primary design period of the Three Gorges Project and the year when the Three Gorges Project enters the period dominated by operation. The dispatch of water control project of the Three Gorges Dam enjoyed continuous and obvious improvement with flow peak reduction during flood period and water replenishment in dry period. The power plant achieved the designed output for the first time. In construction, the Three Gorges Project has achieved the management target of zero accident in both quality and safety and finished the construction of key water-control project of the year in an all round way.
In 2009, the Three Gorges Project facilitated the development of harmonious Dam areas with construction and completion of relevant projects one after another according to schedule. The activities such as the construction and operation of water-control project, as well as management of Dam areas had reached a new high.
In 2009, the annual average temperature of the Three Gorges Reservoir area was slightly higher than the historical average while annual precipitation was lower. The air temperature was abnormally higher in the winter than the historical average with big change in the spring. The precipitation was less in the autumn. The relative humidity, evaporation, annual wind speed and number of foggy days were lower than the historical average. It is the year with weakest acid rain since 1999. Both the frequency and intensity of earthquake from head to central parts of the Three Gorges Reservoir area had some reduction compared with that of 2008. The epicenters were mainly concentrated on the Badong£Zigui zone along the Yangtze River with very slight and slight earthquake in dominance. The monitoring and early warning of geological disasters enjoyed smooth progress.
In 2009, there were 209647 ha arable land and 574118 ha forest land in the Three Gorges Reservoir area respectively. The total sown area of crops was 541988 ha, and agriculture was dominated by grain crops. The total application amount was 160,000 t for fertilizers and 699.4 t for pesticide and their loss was 14272 t and 45.6 t respectively.
In 2009, the fry flow of the ¡°four major home fishes¡± at Jianli section downstream the Three Gorges Dam had some reduction in 2009. The total catch of Coilia mystus in the estuary of the Yangtze River during catch period was 62.0 t, down by 72.8% compared with that of 2008. The total catch of parent crabs and eel fry was 13.2 t and 8.1 t, up by 20.4% and 100.3% respectively compared with that of last year.
In 2009, the overall environmental quality of the construction areas and resettlement areas of the Three Gorges Project was good. The total discharge amount of industrial effluent from industrial sources in the Three Gorges Project area was 486 million t, among them, the discharge was 75700 t for COD and 5700 t for ammonia nitrogen. The amount of urban sewage reached 623 million t, among them, the discharge of COD and ammonia nitrogen was 87,700 t and 13000 t respectively. The generated amount of oil-containing waste water from ships was 413,000 t, 95.6% of them were under treatment and 82.6% of the discharged waste water met the standard. The annual generated amount of ship domestic sewage was 3.997 million t.
The water quality of the mainstream of the Yangtze River in the Three Gorges Reservoir area was Grade ¢ò¡«¢ó in 2009 with Grade ¢ò in dominance. The water quality of Jialing River and Wujiang River, which are relatively big tributary of the Yangtze River reached Grade ¢ñ¡«¢ò national surface water quality standard. The percent of river sections in main primary tributaries met Grade ¢ñ¡«¢ó water quality standard was 76.8¡«96.4% during March~October of 2009 with major pollutants being permanganate value, ammonia nitrogen and BOD5, better than that of last year but still with the occurrence of water bloom in some tributaries.
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