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4.1 Investigation and Monitoring on Key Industrial Wastewater Pollution Sources
In 2004, industrial wastewater directly discharged into the Yangtze River, Jialing River and Wujiang River (hereafter referred to as the Three Rivers) from 51 key industrial pollution sources in the reservoir area amounted to 246.63 million tons. Among them, the industrial wastewater from main downtown areas in Chongqing Municipality (including Banan District, Dadukou District, Jiulongpo District, Nan'an District, Yuzhong District, Yubei District, Jiangbei District, Shapingba District and Beibei District) constituted the largest proportion of 126.688 million tons, taking up 51.4% of the total. The volume of industrial wastewater from Changshou District, Fuling District and Jiangjin City was also relatively large, 34.2997 million tons, 34.0587 million tons and 29.7202 million tons respectively, accounting for 13.9%, 13.8% and 12.1% of the total respectively.
Pollutants from 51 key industrial sources totaled 25,939.04 tons, including 24,279.93 tons of COD (chemical oxygen demand) accounting for 93.6%; 1,451.50 tons of ammonia nitrogen, taking up 5.6%. The rest of the pollutants were petroleum, cyanide, volatile phenol, Arsenic, hexavalent Chromium and Lead, amounting to 183.75 tons, 17,079.30 kg, 3,102.30 kg, 2,465.82 kg, 1,114.17 kg and 94.94 kg respectively.
COD, ammonia nitrogen and cyanide were major pollutants in industrial wastewater, and their respective equivalent standard pollution load ratio was 60.6%, 24.2% and 8.5% and the accumulated one was 93.3%. Major downtown areas, Fuling District, Changshou District and Shizhu County (Xituo Town) of Chongqing Municipality were major wastewater discharge areas with the equivalent standard pollution load ratio being 38.4%, 22.8%, 15.6% and 11.7% respectively and the accumulated number standing at 88.5%. The major wastewater discharge industries were chemical industry, food industry, industries related to production and supply of electric power, steam and hot water and mechanical industry with the equivalent standard pollution load ratio being 32.9%, 26.3%, 19.5% and 6.9% respectively, and the accumulated number being 85.6%.
Table 4-1 Wastewater from 51 key industrial sources directly discharged into the Three Rivers in the Three Gorges Reservoir area during 2004
|
District/County |
Wastewater volume |
COD |
Petroleum |
Ammonia Nitrogen |
Hexavalent Chromium |
Lead |
Arsenic |
Volatile Phenol (kg) |
Cyanide |
|
(10,000 t) |
(t) |
(t) |
(t) |
(kg) |
(kg) |
(kg) |
(kg) |
|
Jiangjin city |
2972.02 |
794.4 |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
|
Main downtown areas |
12668.8 |
9358.22 |
153.45 |
178.31 |
458.25 |
84.94 |
2459.3 |
2869 |
11639 |
|
Changshou |
3429.97 |
5614.01 |
26.96 |
43.34 |
637.72 |
£ |
£ |
231 |
£ |
|
Fengdu |
1.1 |
16.92 |
£ |
0.22 |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
|
Kaixian |
611 |
433.33 |
£ |
117 |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
3900 |
|
Fengjie |
20.99 |
4.91 |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
6.56 |
£ |
£ |
|
Fuling |
3405.87 |
6217.99 |
3.34 |
449.05 |
7.5 |
10 |
£ |
2.3 |
£ |
|
Shizhu |
2.21 |
400 |
£ |
650 |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
|
(Xituo Town) |
|
Wanzhou |
1078.86 |
1016.08 |
£ |
9.56 |
10.7 |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
|
Wushan |
6.26 |
4.38 |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
|
Wuxi |
3.9 |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
|
Wulong |
187.92 |
227.38 |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
|
Xingshan |
68.1 |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
210 |
|
Zhouxian |
2 |
10.45 |
£ |
4.02 |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
|
Zigui |
204 |
181.85 |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
£ |
1330 |
|
Total |
24663 |
24279.93 |
183.75 |
1451.5 |
1114.17 |
94.94 |
2465.8 |
3102.3 |
17079 |
4.2 Investigation and Monitoring of Urban Sewage
In 2004, a total of 498.5163 million tons of sewage from 26 districts (counties) in the reservoir area was discharged directly into the Three Rivers through urban sewage outlets and the outlets of sewage treatment plants. Among them, the discharge volume of main downtown areas of Chongqing Municipality topped the list at 306.8854 million tons, taking up 61.6% of the total. Wanzhou District and Fuling District ranked the second and third respectively with the discharged volume at 44.2643 million tons and 28.8646 million tons, accounting for 8.9% and 5.8% of the total.
Total phosphorus (TP), BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD were major pollutants in urban sewage, their equivalent standard pollution load was 47.1%, 26.9% and 16.3% respectively, and the aggregated one was 90.3%. The main downtown area, Wanzhou District and Fuling District of Chongqing Municipality were the main sewage discharging areas with the equivalent standard pollution load standing at 72.0%, 11.5% and 4.4% respectively, totaling to 87.9%.
Table 4-2 Urban sewage directly discharged to the Three Rivers in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in 2004
|
District/County |
Discharge volume |
COD |
BOD5 |
Ammonia |
TP |
Volatile phenol |
Petroleum |
|
(10,000 t) |
(t) |
(t) |
nitrogen |
(t) |
(t) |
(t) |
|
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
(t) |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
¡¡ |
|
Jiangjin City |
375.66 |
470.95 |
237.98 |
100.29 |
9.97 |
0.16 |
0.47 |
|
Main downtown areas |
30688.54 |
72325.8 |
37196.1 |
5166 |
1033.2 |
13.05 |
39.06 |
|
Changshou |
1749.3 |
3331.97 |
1390.82 |
292.59 |
45.94 |
0.07 |
0.21 |
|
Fuling |
2886.46 |
4783.33 |
2604.96 |
679.52 |
45.86 |
0.38 |
1.18 |
|
Wulong |
579.33 |
973.3 |
431.94 |
84.57 |
9.67 |
0.02 |
0.07 |
|
Fengdu |
697 |
1022.58 |
492.54 |
121.43 |
20.27 |
0.05 |
0.14 |
|
Shizhu |
84.86 |
251.06 |
79.62 |
28.7 |
2.07 |
0.03 |
0.08 |
|
(Xituo Town) |
|
Zhongxian |
951.59 |
325.3 |
177.15 |
53.04 |
7.67 |
0.05 |
0.16 |
|
Wanzhou |
4426.43 |
8624 |
3418 |
1277.34 |
204.77 |
2.43 |
7.16 |
|
Kaixian |
1470.95 |
1204.8 |
495.68 |
57.38 |
4.91 |
0.05 |
0.13 |
|
Yunyang |
769.42 |
286.45 |
143.95 |
76.92 |
9.38 |
0.06 |
0.18 |
|
Fengjie |
1067 |
543.5 |
347.21 |
49.25 |
11.2 |
0.04 |
0.12 |
|
Wushan |
853.15 |
1472.2 |
757.1 |
105.2 |
21 |
0.3 |
0.8 |
|
Wuxi |
328.14 |
600.43 |
238.95 |
26.09 |
2.2 |
0.02 |
0.06 |
|
Badong |
582.72 |
738.5 |
303.84 |
35.17 |
3.01 |
0.03 |
0.08 |
|
Xingshan |
452.6 |
353.9 |
145.6 |
16.87 |
1.44 |
0.01 |
0.04 |
|
Zigui |
622.33 |
436.4 |
179.56 |
20.8 |
1.78 |
0.02 |
0.05 |
|
Yiling |
1266.15 |
1902.75 |
782.84 |
90.6 |
7.77 |
0.07 |
0.21 |
|
Total |
49851.63 |
99647.22 |
49423.84 |
8281.76 |
1442.11 |
16.84 |
50.2 |
4.3 Investigation on Urban Garbage
In 2004, the reservoir area generated up to 2.0008 million tons of urban garbage, among which 1.5341 million tons were landfilled and 466,700 tons were released. The urban garbage from the main downtown areas of Chongqing Municipality constituted the largest proportion of 1.168 million tons, taking up 58.4% of the total. The second and third position was taken by Wanzhou District and Fuling District with 146,000 tons and 113,100 tons respectively, accounting for 7.3% and 5.7% of the total respectively.
Table 4-3 Urban garbage in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in 2004
|
District/County |
Total Amount |
Landfill Amount |
Discharged Volume |
District/County |
Total Amount |
Landfill Amount |
Discharged Volume |
|
Jiangjin City |
1.21 |
1.1 |
0.11 |
Kaixian |
5.59 |
4.74 |
0.85 |
|
Main Downtown Areas |
116.8 |
81.76 |
35.04 |
Yunyang |
4.38 |
3.72 |
0.66 |
|
Changshou |
9.12 |
7.54 |
1.58 |
Fengjie |
6.2 |
5.4 |
0.8 |
|
Fuling |
11.31 |
9.85 |
1.46 |
Wushan |
4.38 |
4.38 |
0 |
|
Wulong |
2.74 |
2.37 |
0.37 |
Wuxi |
1.77 |
1.03 |
0.74 |
|
Fengdu |
5.58 |
5.48 |
0.1 |
Badong |
2.74 |
2.4 |
0.34 |
|
Shizhu |
0.27 |
0.19 |
0.08 |
Xingshan |
1.46 |
1 |
0.46 |
|
Zhongxian |
5.47 |
4.48 |
0.99 |
Zigui |
2.38 |
2.19 |
0.19 |
|
Wanzhou |
14.6 |
12.78 |
1.82 |
Yiling |
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