2.1 Population, Society and Economy

By the end of 2002, the total population in the Three Gorges reservoir area was 19.7207 million,  with an increase of 5% compared with that by the end of the previous year, among which the agricultural population was 14.2543 million and the non-agriculture population was 5.4664 million. Non-agricultural population accounted for 27.7% of the total population, with 1 percentage point higher than 2001.

In 2002, GDP of the reservoir area was 141.377 billion yuan, 11.0% over 2001 based on comparable prices. Among this, GDP of reservoir areas under the jurisdiction of Chongqing and Hubei was 127.333 billion yuan and 14.044 billion yuan,11.3% and 8.0% over 2001 respectively. The increased value of the primary industry of the reservoir area was 19.092 billion yuan, 2.5% over 2001, the increased value of the secondary industry was 66.411 billion yuan, 13.0% over 2001 and the increased value of the tertiary industry was 55.874 billion yuan, 11.8% over 2001. The industrial structure was further optimized and ratio of increased value of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in GDP was adjusted from 14.9∶46.7∶38.4 in 2001 to 13.5∶47.0∶39.5.

Table 2-1 Major Statistical Indicators of Economic and Social Development of the Reservoir Area in 2002

Indicator	Indicator Value	Increase over
		2001(%)
Total grain output(ten thousand tons)	655.21	3.2
Oil plants output (ten thousand tons)	19.01	-2.9
Tobacco output (ten thousand tons)	4.41	16.3
Total meat output (ten thousand tons)	107.76	4.4
Aquatic product output(ten thousand tons)	12.72	4.8
Increased value of TVEs (100 million yuan)	264.57	19.7
Financial income of local budget (100 million yuan)	63.92	10.9
Fixed assets investment of the whole society (100 million yuan)	771.51	21
Total retail value of social consumer goods (100 million yuan)	583.89	12.5
Per capita governable income of urban residents (yuan)	7052	9.7
Per capita net income of rural residents (yuan)	2008	5.5
Savings of urban and rural residents (100 million yuan)	1253.13	22.7

Economy of different sectors in the reservoir area continued to develop rapidly. In 2002, the increased value in industry was 46.426 billion yuan, 11.8% over 2001 based on comparable prices; the increased value in construction sector was 19.985 billion yuan, 15.6% over 2001; Freight transportation of the whole society was 250.4 million tons, 25.0% over 2001; transportation of passengers was 44.323 million people·time with an increase of 8.4% and postal and communication hit 537.631 million yuan in business with an increase of 18.7%.

In 2002, the financial budgetary expenses on education and public health in the reservoir area increased by 2.194 billion yuan and 531 million yuan, 21.8% and 0.1% over 2001 respectively. By the end of the year, there were altogether 636,500 technicians in the reservoir area, 17.5% over those by the end of 2001; for every ten thousand primary and middle school students, there were 495 full-time teachers, 7 people less than those at the end of 2001; broadcast and TV coverage rates were 95.2% and 96.7%, 0.8 and 0.5 percentage points over 2001 respectively.

2.2 Migration Settlement

In 2002, migration settlement went on smoothly, with tasks of countryside, cities and towns all completed ahead of schedule. The number of people removed and resettled was 263,712; the efficient reconstruction area of various types of buildings was 7.0656 million m2 and the number of industrial and mineral enterprises removed was 190.

●Countryside

The number of rural migrants was 57987. New constructions included 103 ponds, 14 aqueducts, and 59 roads of 171.18 km in total in the rural area. Houses built covered 1.7652 million m², including 1.7574 million m² for migrants. Migrants removed out of the Three Gorges reservoir area were accepted by 11provinces (municipalities). These migrants contracted land of 15.6483 million m², and built houses of 794,200 m² and roads of 1433.67 km. Matched construction included 7.9564 million m² of water conservancy facilities, 783,100 m of domestic water supply pipelines, and 593,400 m of electricity transmission lines and 724,100 m of communication lines.

●Cities

In the urban area, 184,188 residents were removed.12.4416 million m² of land was flattened. 41.42 km of new roads were constructed. Four water supply projects were finished with a water supply capacity of 10,000 tons.151, 800 m of electricity transmission and conversion lines and 147,200 m of broadcasting and TV lines were laid, and 4.1062 million m² of buildings were constructed with 2.8812 million m² for resident housing.

●Towns

In towns, 21,537 people were removed and 1.1942 million m² of buildings were constructed with 824,600 m² for resident housing.

●Industrial and mineral enterprises

190 industrial and mineral enterprises were removed and reconstructed. The 31,437yuan fund gap was completly filled for resettlement of employees of closed and bankrupt enterprises below the 135 m water level. 439 enterprises were inspected and bad and non-performing debts of 4.6 billion yuan were canceled after verification. Among these, close and bankruptcy of 302 enterprises were ascertained and 2.36 billion of bad and non-performing debts of them were canceled after verification. Transferred payment of provincial and municipal budget was more than 0.15 billion yuan.

●Special projects

12 Roads totaled 230.19 km and 2296.93 m of large and medium-sized bridges were reconstructed. 63 docks, 27 water power stations and 25 water-pumping stations were constructed. 766,000 m of electricity transmission and conversion lines, 662,900 m of communication lines and 1,856,400 m of broadcasting and TV lines were laid. 16 post offices and 20 broadcasting and TV transferring stations were constructed.

●Environmental protection

A total of 33.8733 million yuan was invested in migration and environmental protection. Among these, 19.713 million yuan was used for environmental protection in migration construction of cities and towns, 6.4762 million yuan for public health protection, 3.1504 million yuan for ecological reconstrution and 3.7992 million yuan for environmental monitoring and management.

In 2002, construction of urban sewage treatment plants and garbage disposal plants were notably sped up. Construction of the four urban sewage treatment plants and four garbage disposal plants in four counties (districts) in Hebei Province was 95% on schedule and expected to be completed before the end of June 2003. Early preparation of 17 sewage treatment and garbage disposal projects in key towns along the river was basically completed. Construction of the 19 urban sewage treatment plants and 13 garbage disposal plants in the 13 counties (districts) of Chongqing went on well and it was expected that all of the garbage disposal plants could be put into operation by the end of June, 2003 and parts of the sewage treatment plants would be equipped with treatment capacities.

●Cleaning of the reservoir bottom

Cleaning of the reservoir bottom in the second stage of the Three Gorges Project was key in migration in 2002. The Three Gorges Project Construction Commission of the State Council, in coordination with the Ministry of Health and the State Environmental Protection Administration, etc. , formulated a number of regulations including Regulation on Bottom Cleaning of Water-Stored Reservoir in the Second Stage of the Three Gorges Project, Technical Requirements on Clearing of Buildings and Forest Trees in the Bottom of Reservoirs in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Technical Criteria on Cleaning Up of Reservoir Bottoms in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and Technical Criteria on Cleaning Up of Solid Wastes in Reservoir Bottoms in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, etc. It also developed the Scheme on Bottom Cleaning of Water-Stored Reservoir in the Second Stage of the Three Gorges Project.

By the end of 2002, buildings of 11.9821 million m² were cleared up; common pollutant sources of 3.3512 millions m² and infectious pollutant sources of 976,700 m² were disinfected; wood patches of 31666.50 mu were cleared up and solid wastes of 4.7131 million tons were disposed of.

●Twinning support

In 2002, twinning support of 1.52 billion yuan was input to the Three Gorges reservoir area. These included 422 economic cooperation projects with 1.4 billion yuan of funds in place and 0.12 billion yuan for public welfare projects.

In order to help migrants improve their living, realize long-term stability of the reservoir area and make full use of the resources to develop advantageous industries, Program on Orange Industry Development in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Program on Grass-Feeding Stock Raising in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were developed, and relevant projects have been initiated.