2005
| Index |
| Preface |
| Freshwater Environment |
| Marine Environment |
| Atmospheric Environment |
| Acoustic Environment |
| Solid Wastes |
| Radiation and Radioactive Environment |
| Arable Land/Land Resources |
| Forests |
| Grassland |
| Biodiversity |
| Climate and Natural Disasters |
| Environmental Management |
|
General Situation
1. Water Quality of the Seven Major Rivers
In 2005, the water quality of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Songhua River, Huaihe River, Haihe River and Liaohe River was basically the same as the previous year.
Among the 411 surface water monitoring sections in the seven major rivers covered by the National Environmental Monitoring Center (NEMC), those with water quality at Grade I-III, IV-V, and those of the quality inferior to Grade V constituted 41%, 32%, and 27% respectively. Among others, the Pearl River and Yangtze River enjoyed fairly good water quality, Liaohe River, Huaihe River, Yellow River, and Songhua River suffered from poor water quality, and Haihe River was heavily polluted. The major pollutants were ammonia nitrogen, BOD5, permanganate index, and oils.
Comparison of Water Quality in the Seven Major Rivers in 2005
Comparison of Water Quality in the Seven Major Rivers in 2005
Comparison of Water Quality in the Seven Major Rivers in 2005
Among the 100 trans-province sections of the seven major rivers under national environmental monitoring program, 36%, 40%, and 24% fell into Grade I-III, Grade IV-V, or was worse than Grade V respectively. Trans-province river sections of the Haihe River and Huaihe River systems suffered from heavy pollution.
Comparison of Water Quality in Trans-Province Sections of the Seven Major Rivers in 2005
(1) Yangtze River system
Water quality of the Yangtze River system was good at large. 76%, 13%, and 11% of the 104 surface water sections under national monitoring program had water quality at Grade I-III, Grade IV-V or failed to meet Grade V respectively. The major pollutants were oils, ammonia nitrogen and BOD5.
The mainstream of the Yangtze River enjoyed good water quality, and compared with last year, all sections had no remarkable changes in water quality. The mainstream was slightly polluted in Yunnan and Shanghai Sections despite excellent or good water quality in other sections.
In general, the tributaries of the Yangtze River experienced slight pollution. No obvious changes in tributary water quality were observed compared with the previous year. The Yalong River, Jialing River, Hanjiang River, and Wujiang River witnessed excellent water quality, Dadu River, Minjiang River, Xiangjiang River, Yuanjiang River, and Ganjiang River had good water quality (among others, Meishan Section of Minjiang River was heavily polluted, and Nanchang Section of Ganjiang River suffered from moderate pollution), and Tuojiang River was mildly polluted.
Proportions of Varied Water Quality in the Yangtze River System in 2005
The water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of the Yangtze River was excellent, and that of all the six sections under national monitoring program fell into Grade II. No obvious changes of water quality were observed compared with the previous year.
Trans-province sections of the Yangtze River enjoyed good water quality. Among the 20 sections, 80% had water quality up to Grade I-III, 15% fell into Grade IV-V, and another 5% failed to meet Grade V. Water quality in these sections did not change much compared with last year. The following sections suffered from poor water quality: Chuhe Section and Chahe Section bordering Anhui Province was worse than Grade V, Xindianpu Section of Baihe River in the boundary of Henan and Hebei Province fell into Grade V, Laochi Section of Fujiang River bordering Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality met Grade IV, and Tieluqiao Section of Jinsha River in the boundary of Yunnan and Sichuan Province was of Grade IV. All the other 16 trans-province sections met or were superior to Grade III national water quality standard. Water Quality of Trans-province Sections of the Yangtze River System in 2005
(2) Yellow River system
The Yellow River system was moderately polluted. Of the 44 surface water sections under national monitoring program, 34%, 41% and 25% respectively fell into Grade I-III, IV-V or worse than Grade V. The major pollutants were oils, ammonia nitrogen and BOD5.
Proportions of Varied Water Quality in Yellow River System in 2005
The mainstream of the Yellow River suffered from mild pollution, and the water quality remained the same with the previous year. Qinghai Section and Gansu Section of the mainstream enjoyed good water quality; Henan Section, Ningxia Section, Shaanxi-Shanxi Section, Baotou Section of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot Section, and Heze Section of Shandong Province were slightly polluted; Wuhai Section of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was under heavy pollution.
In general, the tributaries of the Yellow River suffered from heavy pollution, and the water quality remained the same as in the previous year. Yihe River had excellent water quality, and Luohe River enjoyed good water quality. Dahei River, Bahe River, and Qinhe River were slightly polluted; Huangshui River and Yiluo River suffered from moderate pollution, and Weihe River, Fenhe River, Sushui River, and Beiluo River were heavily polluted.
The trans-province sections of the Yellow River under national monitoring program had poor water quality. 9%, 55%, and 36% of the 11 trans-province river sections under national monitoring program fell into Grade I-III, Grade IV and V, or was worse than Grade V respectively. The following trans-province sections witnessed poor water quality: Lasengmiao Section bordering Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions in the mainstream of Yellow River failed to meet Grade V; Tongguan Suspension Bridge Section of Weihe River in the boundary of Shaanxi, Henan and Shanxi Province was worse than Grade V; Hejin Bridge section of Fenhe River bordering Shaanxi-Shanxi provinces failed to meet Grade V; Zhangliuzhuang Section of Songshui River bordering Shaanxi and Shanxi Province had water quality poorer than Grade V; Minhe Bridge Section (Huangshui River) in the boundary of Qinghai and Gansu Province fell into Grade V, and other trans-province sections had water quality meeting or better than Grade IV.
Water Quality of Trans-province Sections of the Yellow River System in 2005
(3) Pearl River system
Pearl River system enjoyed good water quality at large. Of the 33 surface water sections under national monitoring program, 76%, 18% and 6% fell into Grade I-III, Grade IV or was worse than Grade V respectively. There were no sections with water quality at Grade V. The major pollutants were oils, BOD5 and ammonia nitrogen.
Proportions of Varied Water Quality in Pearl River System in 2005
The overall water quality of the mainstream Pearl River was good with water quality the same as last year. Water quality in Yunnan Section of the mainstream was excellent, Guizhou Section and Guangxi Section enjoyed good water quality, and Guangdong Section was slightly polluted (among others, Changzhou Section had water quality worse than Grade V, and Lianhuashan Section fell into Grade IV).
Water quality of the tributaries of the Pearl River was good at large, and no obvious changes were observed compared with 2004. Dabang River, Duliu River, Liujiang River, Zuojiang River, Lijiang River, Guijiang River, and Dongjiang River enjoyed excellent water quality; Longjiang River, Youjiang River, Yongjiang River, Hejiang River, and Beijiang River observed good water quality. Beipan River and Modaomen Watercourse were slightly polluted.
The trans-province water section of Pearl River enjoyed excellent water quality. All the seven trans-province water sections under national-level monitoring program met or were better than Grade III quality standard.
Water Quality of Trans-province Sections of the Pearl River System in 2005
(4) Songhua River system
Songhua River system was slightly polluted. Of the 42 surface water sections under national monitoring program, 24%, 57% and 19% respectively fell into Grade I-III, Grade IV-V or were worse than Grade V. The major pollutants were permanganate index, oils and ammonia nitrogen.
Proportions of Varied Water Quality in Songhua River System in 2005
Being mildly polluted, the mainstream Songhua River remained the same with the previous year in terms of water quality. Changchun Section of mainstream was moderately polluted; Jilin Section enjoyed good water quality; from the river section that was bound out of Jinlin Province to the upper reaches of Harbin city was of good water quality. Other sections were slightly polluted.
In general, the tributaries of the Songhua River suffered from moderate pollution. Compared with last year, the water quality of tributaries turned out to be better. Among others, Ashi River, Yinma River and Yitong River were heavily polluted; Hulan River and Mudan River suffered moderate pollution, while Nenjiang River, Yalu River and Tao'er River were mildly polluted.
The trans-province sections of Songhua River that were under national-level monitoring program witnessed passable water quality. Among others, 34% fell into Grade I-III, 66% was at Grade IV level. No section of Grade V or worse was observed.
Water Quality of Trans-province Sections of the Pearl River System in 2005
(5) Huaihe River system
Huaihe River system suffered from moderate pollution. 17%, 51%, and 32% of the 86 surface water sections under national monitoring program fell into Grade I-III, Grade IV-V, or failed to meet Grade V respectively. Major pollutants were permanganate index, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen and oils.
Proportions of Varied Water Quality in Huaihe River System in 2005
The overall water quality of mainstream Huaihe River had slight pollution. No obvious changes occurred in the mainstream Huaihe River compared with the year 2004. Xinyang Section of Henan Province, Fuyang Section, Bengbu Section, and Chuzhou Section of Anhui Province, and Xuyi Section of Jiangsu Province were mildly polluted. Huainan Section of Anhui Province observed moderate pollution.
Generally speaking, the tributaries of the Huaihe River had heavy pollution. The water quality of the tributaries did not change much compared with last year. The Shihe River, Huanghe River, Shiguan River, Xifei River and Tuohe River were slightly polluted; Honghe River, floodway of Honghe River, and Huihe River had moderate water pollution. Yinghe River and Wohe River suffered from heavy pollution.
In general, rivers in Shandong Province had moderate water pollution but no remarkable changes of water quality compared with that of the previous year. Zhangtong River enjoyed good water quality; Chengguo River, Shagou River, Wuhe River, and Yihe River were seriously polluted; Xizhi River witnessed moderate pollution, and other rivers all had mild pollution.
The trans-province sections of the Huaihe River subject to nation-level monitoring had moderate water pollution, among which 13% had water quality at Grade I-III, 56% was of Grade IV-V, and another 31% failed to meet Grade V.
Water Quality of Trans-province-boundary Sections of the Huaihe River System in 2005
(6) Haihe River System
Haihe River system was heavily polluted. Of the 65 surface water sections subject to national-level monitoring, 22%, 24% and 54% met Grade I-III, Grade IV-V or failed to meet Grade V standard respectively. Major pollutants were ammonia nitrogen, oils and BOD5.
Proportions of Varied Water Quality in Haihe River System in 2005
The mainstream of Haihe River suffered from heavy pollution, and compared with the previous year, no remarkable changes occurred in terms of water quality.
Other tributaries of the Haihe River were heavily polluted, and no obvious changes were observed. Luanhe River enjoyed good water quality; Yongding River and Ziya River were slightly polluted. The South Canal, Dasha River, Zhangweixin River, Tuhai River, Majia River and North Canal suffered from heavy pollution.
The trans-province sections of Haihe River under national monitoring program had moderate pollution. 24% had water quality at Grade I-III, 38% was of Grade IV-V, and 38% failed to meet Grade V. Water Quality of Trans-province-boundary Sections of the Haihe River System in 2005
(7) Liaohe River System
Liaohe River system suffered from heavy pollution. 30%, 30% and 40% of the 37 surface water sections fell into Grade I-III, Grade IV-V, or was worse than Grade V respectively. Major pollutants were ammonia nitrogen, oils and permanganate index.
Proportions of Varied Water Quality in Liaohe River System in 2005
The mainstream of the Liaohe River was heavily polluted, and the water quality remained the same with last year.
The tributaries of the Liaohe River had heavy water pollution, and compared with the year 2004, water quality deteriorated to some extent. The Dongliao River, Laoha River, and Xilamulun River were slightly polluted. Xiliao River had moderate water pollution. The Tiaozi River and Zhaosutai River suffered from heavy pollution.
The trans-province sections of the Liaohe River System under national monitoring program were of poor water quality. Of the three monitored sections, Dianzi Section of Laoha River bordering Liaoning Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region fell into Grade III water quality; Sishuang Bridge Section of Dongliao River in the boundary of Jilin and Liaoning Province had water quality of Grade V; and Fudedian Section of Liaohe River bordering Jilin Province, Inner Mongolia and Liaoning Province failed to meet Grade V. Water Quality of Trans-province-boundary Sections of the Liaohe River System in 2005
2. Water Quality of Rivers in Zhejiang Province and Fujian Province
Rivers in Zhejiang Province and Fujian Province enjoyed good water quality at large. No obvious changes occurred compared with that of last year. Of the 32 surface water sections subject to national-level monitoring, 34% had water quality at Grade I-II, 41% fell into Grade III, 22% was at Grade IV, and another 3% met Grade V. No sections were observed with water quality worse than Grade V. The major pollutants were oils, ammonia nitrogen and BOD5.
3. Water Quality of Rivers in Southwest and Northwest China
Rivers in Southwest China Rivers in Southwest China enjoyed good water quality. Compared with the previous year, no obvious changes were observed. Of the 17 surface water sections subject to national-level monitoring, 6% had water quality at Grade I, 53% fell into Grade II, 23% met Grade III, 6% was of Grade IV, and another 12% failed to meet Grade V. The major pollutants were lead and permanganate index.
Rivers in Northwest China The water quality of Rivers in Northwest China was good, with no obvious changes compared with the year 2004. 85% of the 28 surface water sections under national monitoring program were of water quality at Grade I-III, 7% was at Grade IV, and the proportions of sections with water quality both at or worse than Grade V were 4%. The major pollutants were ammonia nitrogen and oils.
4. Water Quality of Lakes and Reservoirs
In 2005, of the 28 major lakes and reservoirs under national monitoring program, 2 met Grade II, accounting for 7%; 6 fell into Grade III, taking up 21%; 3 were at Grade IV, constituting 11%; 5 witnessed Grade V of water quality, taking up 18%; and 12 failed to meet Grade V, accounting for 43%. Among others, Taihu Lake, Dianchi Lake and Chaohu Lake had their water quality worse than Grade V. The major pollutants were total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP).
Water Quality of Major Lakes and Reservoirs in 2005
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