The fourth national working meeting on the nuclear and radiation safety regulation is very important. It is the first working meeting in the field of environmental protection, following the seventh national conference on environmental protection and the 2012 national working meeting on environmental protection. It demonstrates the importance of nuclear and radiation safety regulation and the resolve of the national environmental protection system to make utmost efforts in safeguarding the nuclear and radiation safety. Here I'd like to share my opinions on this.

I. Seriously implementing the guidelines of the seventh national conference on environmental protection and the 2012 national working meeting on environmental protection
The State Council just convened the seventh national conference on environmental protection. Li Keqiang, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, presented at the conference and delivered an important speech. He gave full recognition to the remarkable achievements made in environmental protection in the 11th Five-Year Plan period, elaborated on the importance and urgency of enhanced environmental protection, and stressed the need to protect the environment during the development course, the need to seek development through environmental protection, and the need to actively explore a new path for environmental protection with little cost, sound benefits, low emissions, and sustainability, so as to make earnest efforts to solve environmental problems that have adverse impact on the science-based development and public health, and to try opening a new phase for environmental protection efforts. Before this conference, the State Council printed and distributed the Opinions on Strengthening the Major Environmental Protection Tasks and the 12th Five-Year Plan for Environmental Protection, and identified the major tasks and supporting measures for environmental protection efforts in the 12th Five-Year Plan period.

The 2012 national working meeting on environmental protection was held as soon as the aforementioned conference was concluded. The national conference on environmental protection is held every five years by the State Council, while the national working meeting on environmental protection is an annual event which falls at the start of a year. This time the two meetings were very close, which is rare in the history of environmental protection. We may well refer to the two meetings as the  "two sessions " for environmental protection efforts.

The important speech by Vice Premier Li Keqiang, the Opinions on Strengthening the Major Environmental Protection Tasks, and the 12th Five-Year Plan for Environmental Protection pointed out a direction, injected a strong impetus, and drew a beautiful blueprint for advancing the leap-forward development of the environmental protection undertaking from all dimensions. In the coming year the guidelines of the seventh national conference on environmental protection will be carried out. So, we need to figure out, grasp, and carry out the guidelines of the  "two sessions ", and align our thoughts and actions with the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. The guidelines of the  "two sessions " are rich in content and can be embodied by the following five aspects.

1) The guidelines have extended in an innovative way the strategic idea of advancing the environmental protection undertaking from all dimensions. In his speech, Vice Premier Li stressed the need to protect the environment in the development course and seek development through environmental protection efforts. It is a profound description of the relation between environmental protection and economic development, and a strategic idea that is surely to be upheld in a bid to do well in environmental protection. It has always been a difficult issue to correctly deal with the relation between environmental protection and economic development and to balance both. To protect the environment without considerations to economic development is something like climbing a tree to catch a fish, while to pursue economic development without protecting the environment is something like draining a pond to get the fish in it. To only pursue economic development is simple, so is to only protect the environment. The problem is that we need the both. On the one hand, China is a developing country where underdevelopment is still a prominent problem, so the first priority should always be given to development. On the other hand, there is also a transformation problem concerning development in China. The conflicts caused by unbalanced and unsustainable development remain very grave. So we need to protect the environment during the development course and seek development through environmental protection efforts.

The economic development level decides people's living conditions but the environmental protection decides people's survival. The purpose of economic development is to improve the living standards, and that of the environmental protection is to improve the life quality. In the environmental protection practices, we have to balance and integrate the environmental protection with economic development, integrate the optimization of industrial structure with the promotion of energy conservation and emissions reduction, integrate the improvement of efficiency with the conservancy and environmental protection in companies, integrate the expansion of domestic demand with the development of environment industry, integrate the spatial layout of productive forces with the ecological and environmental regulations, establish a resource-saving and environment-friendly national economic system, try to achieve the win-win of economic benefits, social benefits, and environmental benefits, and promote the long-term fast and yet steady economic development and social harmony and progress.

2) The guidelines look in a science-based approach at the basic orientation of the environmental protection efforts in the new era. From the perspective of the overall picture of economic and social development, Vice Premier Li further identified in his important speech the basic orientation of the environmental protection efforts, that is, to optimize the economic development by protecting the environment. He noted that to step up environmental protection efforts is the inherent requirement and important impetus of shifting economic development mode, and the key engine for stabilizing the economic growth; to promote environmental protection efforts may help foster new growth engine and improve the quality and benefits of the development. He also stressed the need to give full play to the role of environmental protection efforts in optimizing and supporting the economic growth and in serving as a target-driven mechanism to advance economic transformation, and incorporate the conservation and environmental protection into all corners of economic and social development. The environmental protection departments need to enhance its macro consciousness, be based on the need of serving for the economic transformation and improvement of livelihood, consider environmental protection efforts with a general vision and strategic thoughts, and play an important role in developing macroeconomic policies, changing the economic development mode, and adjusting the economic structure and optimizing the industrial layout. Li's important speech describes the mission of the environmental protection cause in this era, its new potential areas and new connotations. The environmental protection departments need to keep up to the entrust and missions, engage in and advance the optimization of economic development though environmental protection efforts, and the achievement of fast and yet steady economic growth in the long run, optimize the regional layout based on environmental capacities, optimize the industrial mix through environmental management, optimize the growth mode by considering the environmental costs, advance the industrial upgrading through environmental standards, and advance the green transformation of the economic development mode.

3) The guidelines officially identify the historical position of exploring a new path for environmental protection. We are facing new situations and tasks in a new period, and to explore a new path for environmental protection is the fundamental path to practice the strategic idea of protecting the environment in the development course and seeking development through environmental protection efforts; this is the historical position of exploring a new path for environmental protection. The idea derives from the practices of the environmental protection system over three decades, and efforts towards it have started as of the day the environmental protection agency was founded. The retired staffs from the environmental protection system are the pioneers in exploring the path, and the on-the-job environmental staffs are the practitioner of it. The environmental protection system reached a consensus in 2008 during the study and practices of the philosophy of science-based development. In the meantime, the macro strategic study program on China's environment elaborated on and summarized this consensus, enabling it to become a theory. Article 12 of the above-said Opinions issued by the State Council proposed to explore a new path for environmental protection with little cost, sound benefits, low emissions and sustainability, with the reforms and innovations as the driving force. The 12th Five-Year Plan for environmental protection issued by the State Council also proposed to continue exploring the path. Vice Premier Li emphasized and elaborated on this matter at the seventh national conference on environmental protection.

With the practices going deep, to actively explore a new path is not only the common consensus and self-conscious action of the environmental protection system but is upgraded to the will of the State and the people. MEP presented a work report on environmental protection as entrusted by State Council, at the 23rd session of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on October 25. The report noted that in the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the State identified the reduction of major pollutants as one of its mandatory targets for economic and social development, and proposed the strategic ideas of developing ecological civilization, rehabilitating the rivers and lakes, advancing the historical transformations for environmental protection, regarding environmental protection as one of important matters concerning people's living conditions, and actively exploring a new path for environmental protection. These proposals and ideas were adopted by NPC Standing Committee. Local environmental protection departments need to take into considerations their practical conditions, stride forward in the great process of exploring the new path for environmental protection with higher spirits, and make earnest efforts in solving prominent environmental problems that have adverse impact on the science-based development and public health.

4) The guidelines focus on grasping the environmental protection goals and tasks. The Opinions and the 12th Five-Year Plan for environmental protection have set the goals, tasks and supporting measures for environmental protection efforts in the 12th Five-Year Plan period. We need to implement out and out these as required. I'd like to emphasize two priorities. First, to improve the environmental quality is the everlasting theme of the environmental protection efforts, as well as the aim and outcome. Vice Premier Li noted that the basic environmental quality and environmental quality that does not have adverse on the public health is a public goods, a bottom line, and the basic public service offered by the government. The aim of environmental protection is to enable clear water, blue sky and clean soils, and the effectiveness lies in the improvement of environmental quality. To solve prominent environmental problems and improve the environmental quality needs the community level efforts. The public is the new force for overcoming difficulties, and we need to understand their new expectations and appeals, mobilize their resources, and engage them in pollution control, so that the environmental protection efforts will be invincible. We will definitely consolidate the idea of protecting the environment for the people, try not to cause new pollution and treat the previous pollution, and work harder on treatment of water and air pollution. We will also make overall plans for the urban and rural areas, advance the environmental protection progressively, step up the pollution control in urban and rural areas and treat the rural environment, live up to the people's earnest expectations, and get the public the access to clean air, water and reassured food. Second, the energy conservation and pollution reduction task is the top priority of environmental protection efforts. It is also the fundamental approach to obviously improving the environmental quality. The major pollutants to be reduced in the 12th Five-Year Plan has increased from two to four ones, and the sectors subject to the reduction tasks have expanded from the industrial sector and urban areas to the transport sector and rural areas. The pollution reduction tasks face growing difficulties and pressure and become a close concern of the society. We will face up to the difficulties, turn the challenges into the opportunities, turn the pressure into driving force, continue stepping up the three major pollution reduction measures, demand more scope for pollution reduction through restructuring, demand potentials for pollution reduction through projects, demand more benefits for pollution reduction through administration, and be resolved to complete the tasks of reducing the total amount of major pollutants.

5) The guidelines disseminate the Chinese environmental spirits, which are the core value of the environmental protection staff. The Chinese environmental spirits are the core value of the environmental protection staff in the new era. During the response to environmental emergencies such as the Songhua River pollution incident, the disaster relief for major natural disasters such as Wenchuan Earthquake and Zhouqu mudslide, and the efforts to guarantee environmental quality for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 2010 Shanghai World Expo, and 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games, we have condensed the Chinese environmental sprits as  "being devoted to the duties, bring benefits to the people, being science-based and precise, seeking the truth and be innovative, defying hardship, making selfless contributions, being united and cooperative, and believing unity is strength " (32 Chinese characters), providing strong intellectual impetus and good work style for advancing the environmental protection efforts in the 11th Five-Year Plan period. The seventh national conference on environmental protection commended 110 advanced collectives and 56 advanced individuals throughout the national environmental protection system. Their impressive stories demonstrated the Chinese environmental spirits. With the study and implementation of the guidelines of the sixth plenary session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, the 32-character environmental spirits was further sublimed as the core value and self-conscious intellectual pursuit of the whole environmental staff. The spirits are the important basis for disseminating the environmental culture and advocating the ecological civilization, as well as the spiritual homeland of the whole environmental staff. In order to further disseminate the environmental spirits, MEP and the PLA Afforestation Committee threw an art evening party with the theme on  "environmental protection benefiting people ? green leap-forward ". The party had both distinctive features of the times and daily life scenarios, and both the mix of sound, light and electricity, and the beautiful voice and dances. It was the wonderful co-product of the army and the civilians engaged in environmental protection efforts. Vice Premier Li, State Councilor Liu Yandong, and other CPC and State leaders came to the party, gave full recognition to the performances, and spoke highly of the morale of the environmental staff shown by the party, that is,  "being exploration-driven, optimizing the economic development, having close concern on the people's livelihood, and making selfless contributions ". We need to incorporate the environmental spirits into the process of exploring a new path for environmental protection by the environmental protection system, be pioneering, be ambitious in innovations, be strenuous, and create more splendid achievements.

II. Being well aware of the significance of nuclear and radiation safety regulation
Vice Premier Li emphasized the nuclear safety matter at the seventh national conference on environmental protection. A major nuclear incident might not only claim immeasurable losses but even destroy the entire nuclear cause, he noted. The Fukushima nuclear incident in March was a warning to us. We cannot be more cautious, we can never be off guard, and we should give the top priority to safety. We will mobilize resources to give all-dimensional evaluation and demonstration on nuclear power in our country, and pay close attention to developing nuclear safety plan, in order to ensure the safety of nuclear power. In the meantime, we need to step up the management of radioactive sources to prevent the public incident from harming the public. We will definitely study and implement the guidelines and be well aware of the significance of the nuclear and radiation safety.

1) To ensure the nuclear and radiation safety is the guarantee for the national safety and stability. It has been only decades since mankind started to employ nuclear power, a blinking in the long history. However, profound lessons have been learned in this short period. The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear incident was a catastrophe to the former Soviet Union. The 2011 Fukushima nuclear incident shook the political circle in Japan. The only two 7-scale nuclear incidents in history triggered political turmoil in world powers. Lessons learned from the past can guide one in the future, so we have to be on high alert. The reason why nuclear incidents can trigger such violent political turmoil is that the nuclear and radiation safety demonstrates the ruling power of the State machinery and affects the public confidence on the national security. Although China's system has distinctive advantages, China still cannot bear the serious impact imposed by nuclear and radioactive incidents. Especially China is in a historical period of experiencing accelerated transformation, China needs to put an end to all possible safety risks, and seek development amidst stability.

2) To ensure nuclear and radiation safety is the strong supports for shifting economic development mode. China is in the accelerated industrialization and urbanization processes, stable and reliable energy supply is a must. But China also faces the basic national condition and reality of excessive cost at resources and environment in the development course, which is also the starting point for accelerating the shift of economic development mode in China. As the only alternative energy source possible for large-scale development, nuclear energy is very important for ensuring energy supply security, optimizing energy mix, advancing energy conservation and emissions reduction, and responding to climate change. However, the development and use of no technology should increase the risk to the public, so the development and use of nuclear energy and nuclear technology must put safety as the basis and precondition. We need to step up the regulation, properly dispose radioactive wastes, and promote the safe and healthy development of the nuclear energy and nuclear technology application cause, in order to guarantee the energy supply for now and for the future and prevent the ecological environment from the radioactivity.

3) To ensure the nuclear and radiation safety is the inevitable requirement for safeguarding and improving people's living conditions. In recent years, there are growing public concerns on the nuclear safety matter and the radiation environmental quality. In general, the public set their hearts at rest when it comes to the nuclear and radiation safety and are satisfied with the nuclear and radiation safety regulation. However, we should be aware that a single nuclear incident may turn hundreds of square kilometers of lands into barren lands; the leakage of a jug of radioactive wastes may pollute a river and cut millions off the water supply; the loss of a radioactive source may expose staff to the radiation and cause harm or even death. Without effective regulation, these potential risks that may threaten the public health may cause real harm. In July 2009, an incident caused by source blockage of the radioactive source 60Co in Qixian County, Henan Province, forced many households to flee for life. Fukushima nuclear incident not only triggered great panic among the Japanese people but also the salt rush in some local regions in China. These are examples. We will not be able to justify our action if we cannot safeguard the nuclear and radiation safety and put the public health under threat.

4) To ensure the nuclear and radiation safety is an effective measure to build a good international image. As the outstanding achievements of the human civilization, the nuclear energy and nuclear technology has become the integral part of the comprehensive strength of a few nuclear countries and one of the game focuses of the international community. To improve domestic nuclear and radiation safety level and actively participate in international cooperation helps improve the image of nuclear countries and also affects some core benefits. That's why the Japanese government made apologies in many international occasions after the Fukushima nuclear incident, reflecting the earnest aspiration of Japan for being forgiven. China is a big user of nuclear energy and technologies, both the number of total nuclear power generation units and the total installed capacity rank the fourth in the world, and the number of nuclear power generation units under construction ranks the first in the world. The nuclear and radiation safety level has something to do with the development potentials of nuclear energy and technology as well as the image of the country, and influence and public confidence in international affairs.

III. Progress made in the nuclear and radiation safety regulation
The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have always paid close attention to nuclear and radiation safety. The Central leaders have made many written instructions and exhorted me to do a good job in nuclear and radiation safety regulation. Under the close concern and supports of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the nuclear and radiation safety regulators spare no effort, have no thought of gain or loss, bear great trust, and hand in a satisfactory answer sheet to the CPC and the people.

1） The safety of nuclear facilities has been guaranteed. We have always given top priority to safeguarding the safe operation of nuclear power plants. The 15 in-service nuclear power units have maintained good records, the quality of 26 nuclear power units under construction are under control, the reactors are in good operation, and no major incidents have ever occurred.

2） The radiation environmental quality maintained at a good level. The ambient ionizing radiation level kept at the same level, and the ambient electromagnetic radiation level was good at large. No obvious changes were observed at the nuclear facilities and nuclear technology application projects as well as the radiation level in the vicinity of electromagnetic radiation facilities. Since the Fukushima nuclear incident, the real-time monitoring data of the radiation environment has been within the natural background level in our country.

3） Growing efforts have been made in the inputs into regulation and capacity building. The central government spent more and more money in this regard, with total investment up to nearly 360 million yuan over the past three years, financing the establishment of national monitoring network for radiation environment, improving the organization for emergency response to nuclear and radiation incidents, and improving the monitoring and emergency response capacity. Especially, 312 million yuan was secured after the Wenchuan Earthquake for the post-disaster reconstruction in Sichuan Province, Gansu Province, and Shaanxi Province.

4） Major breakthrough has been made in the institutional development of nuclear and radiation safety regulation authorities. As approved by the State Commission Office for Public Sector Reform in September, the Department I, Department II, and Department III of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Regulation were established on the basis of the former Department of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Regulation, and the staffing increased to 85 from the 38 in the year 2008, up by 1.2 times. The staffing of regional offices for nuclear and radiation safety regulation increased from 100 to 331 ones, up by 2.3 times. The staffing of the Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center increased from 162 to 600, up by 2.7 times.

These are hard-earned achievements. Here on behalf of the CPC MEP Committee and in person, I'd like to extend my sincere regards and heart-felt gratitude to the nuclear and radiation safety regulators.

IV. Grasping the basic rules of nuclear and radiation safety, shifting the traditional ideas, straightening out the train of thought for regulation, and developing innovative working approaches

Compared with other areas of the environmental protection work, the nuclear and radiation safety regulation has both common and special aspects. We must grasp its distinctive rule, so as to exercise effective regulation.

1) We need to know that the safety rules can be perceived and be confident in ensuring nuclear and radiation safety. Today is December 26, and on this day 113 years ago, Madam Curie announced the discovery of the Radium element, which symbolized a historic leap forward of mankind in learning the natural rules and proved once again one of the universal truth of Marxism, that is, the natural rules can be perceived and applied. However, there are two misleading traditional ideas. First is that the nuclear safety is solid and guaranteed and free from any problems. With the blind optimism, people tend to be reckless in work, and the problem is only a matter of time. Second is that after the Fukushima nuclear incident, some thought that mankind is unable to rein the nuclear energy given its moral level and perception tools, and the nuclear safety cannot be guaranteed. It is nihilism, which leads to no confidence in the future of nuclear cause and over-pessimism. Both ideas are incorrect and even bad and should be spurned. As a matter of fact, the nuclear energy is not daunting, if we follow the rules, nuclear energy can be tame as a sheep and applied; otherwise, it can be a fierce tiger out of the cage and cause casualties. We can never be off guard in terms of nuclear safety but also never stop eating because of a hiccup. We should shore up our confidence and work with a science-based approach and with discretion; this way the nuclear and radiation safety can be ensured.

2) We need to correctly handle the relation between ensuring nuclear safety and developing the nuclear cause, and promote what is beneficial and abolish what is harmful. As far as the use of nuclear energy and nuclear technology, the production and work safety are inalienable. To achieve the sustainable development, we need to avoid inevitable safety risks while enjoying the nuclear benefits and convenience. Safety is a commodity which has both value and value in use. Economic cost is needed to get the commodity of safety. So, we need to be generous in the inputs into nuclear safety and improve the safety level by all means. We should keep in mind that with stricter safety requirements of the public, especially since the Fukushima nuclear incident, the public opinion has been that safety is the top priority and overwhelming importance needs to be given to it. So, confronting the conflict between ensuring nuclear safety and developing nuclear cause, we need to properly handle the relation between them, straighten out our train of thoughts for work, and achieve the safe development of nuclear cause.

3) We need to correctly face the limit to mankind's perception and follow the basic principle of preparing in-depth defense. There is a limit to mankind's perception and there are still many gaps concerning the natural phenomena, natural rules and mankind's behaviors. We need to follow the principle of preparing in-depth defense and apply the multi-layer protection instrument, to address all possible safety problems. To be specific, as far as safety problem is concerned, we need to be always on high alert, consider all possible scenarios, and take very problem seriously. Only by doing this can we be well-prepared. We need to think more about the details, assume the scenarios to be more complicated, better improve the defense design, and make allowances for safety considerations. All this will surely raise the cost but is beneficial and necessary in the long run, considering the overall situation.

4) We need to properly grasp the relation between inevitability and coincidence, and take both preventive and mitigation measures. The safety is a matter of possibility, which means a safety incident is only a matter of probability, and no matter high or low, it is always above zero. Any safety measure can only reduce the probability of incident but not eradicate all possibilities. So, we need to be prepared in two aspects. On the one hand, we need to do well in prevention of incident at the source, further improve the guarantee capacity and reliability of safety functions, and try all measures possible to bring down the probability of incident. On the other hand, we need to do well in the emergency response, and once the incident occur, there will be feasible response measures available, in order to mitigate the negative impact on the incident. Especially, we need to protect the public health from harm, protect the social stability from disturbance, protect the resources and environment from pollution, and protect the public and private assets from losses.

5) We need to correctly understand the short board effect of the safety matter. The regulation on nuclear and radiation safety needs to be exercised throughout the whole process. Safety matter is systematic and common, so safety problems may occur in any activity or link. The safety incident is all-pervasive, even other safety measures are good, a mild shortage may become the short board and lower the safety level of a whole system. Many safety incidents that shook the world in the past were caused by deficiency in a bolt or valve. So, we need to do well in nuclear and radiation safety regulation in the whole process of relevant sectors. Systematic approach will be applied to step up regulation in the whole life-cycle including the design, manufacturing, construction, operation, and decommissioning process, make up for the shortfall in safety and strengthen safety guarantee in the links of technical research and development, production management, construction surveillance, and quality control.

All in all, to solve the nuclear and radiation safety problem, we need to understand the nature of the problem, grasp its basic rule, apply science-based approach, and step up safety regulation at the managerial and technological levels. The measures to be taken should meet both the macro social and economic conditions and the technical standards and are both science-based and systematic. Only do we take a multiple of instruments can we do a good job in nuclear and radiation safety regulation.

V. Developing innovative approaches to the nuclear and radiation work and providing strong supports for exploring a new path for environmental protection
The nuclear and radiation safety regulation work is one of the important areas of environmental protection, so we need to focus on the goal of exploring a new path for environmental protection, try to improve the long-term mechanism of guaranteeing nuclear and radiation safety, and promote the safe, health, and sustainable development of the nuclear energy and technology application cause.

1) With the aim of setting up the macro environmental strategies suited to our national conditions, we need to enable the nuclear safety regulation to be more independent, authoritative and effective. We need to start from the macro strategic level, make the nuclear and radiation safety as the mandatory target for the development of relevant sectors, and optimize the economic development by ensuring nuclear and radiation safety. After the Fukushima nuclear incident, the executive meeting of the State Council required to halt the approval of new nuclear power projects before the nuclear safety plan was adopted. This laid a foundation for establishing the  "safety first " decision-making mechanism from the macro strategic level. The comprehensive safety inspection on civil nuclear facilities this year and the plan for prevention and control of nuclear safety and radioactive pollution submitted recently has become the key reference for the national strategic decision-making for energy issues, and created opportunities for the nuclear and radiation safety regulation efforts and serving for macro decision-making. So, we need to seize the opportunity, implement the correction requirements set by the above-said inspection, implement the plan for nuclear safety and radiation pollution control, solve the scheme and mechanism matters, and enable the regulation to be more independent, authoritative, and effective.

2) Under the guidance of establishing an all-dimensional and effective pollution control scheme, we need to step up the radioactive pollution control. There is both previous radioactive pollution and new pollution that brings growing pressure. We need to follow the requirements of the seventh national conference on environmental protection, properly handle the relation between prevention and treatment, and new pollution and old pollution, and try to treat all new pollution and reduce previous pollution. The previous radioactive wastes generated in the development course of nuclear industry in many years pose great risks. Some of them were in the upstream of river basins and ecological sensitive regions and became risks threatening environmental security. We need to make a resolve to advance the settlement of these problems, try to mitigate the risk caused by previous radioactive wastes, decommission some nuclear facilities of early days, and complete the integrated environmental treatment of uranium mining and metallurgy. In the meantime, we need to make substantial efforts in developing advanced and effective waste treatment scheme that is suited to the development level of the nuclear industry, and build up the supporting disposal sites for the medium and low radioactivity wastes.

3) We need to focus on developing sound environmental legislations, policies, and S&T standards, and improve the nuclear and radiation safety regulation scheme. From the perspective of the areas involved in nuclear and radiation safety regulation, a sound nuclear and radiation safety regulation scheme needs first and foremost two laws including the Law on Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution and eight regulations including Regulations on the Administration on Civil Nuclear Facilities Safety Supervision. Thanks to years of unremitting efforts, the remarkable achievements have been made in legislations. By far only the Nuclear Safety Law and Regulations on the Administration on Electromagnetic Radiation have not been introduced, so more efforts are needed to enact the both and make them public as soon as possible. As a highly technical task, the nuclear and radiation safety regulation needs a plethora of technical, procedural and standard-oriented documents as institutional supports. So, we need to speed up the development of and amendment to departmental regulations and standards on nuclear safety, and try to set up a relatively sound scheme of nuclear and radiation safety regulations and standards by the end of the 12th Five-Year Plan period.

4)  We need to improve the measures on the administration of nuclear and radiation safety, with the support of sound supervision scheme for the environmental management and enforcement. We need to further improve the nuclear safety permitting management, and identify the nuclear safety responsibilities of nuclear power corporations, nuclear users, and specialized companies. We need to develop and improve relevant access and qualification systems, step up the management of the raise and use of funds for disposing of solid, liquid and gaseous radioactive wastes, and develop the measures on the administration of nuclear facilities decommissioning. Relevant measures need to be worked out on the administration of the disposal and treatment of waste and discarded radioactive sources and wastes from the use of nuclear technologies. The nuclear power corporations will be urged to set up nuclear compensation funds and purchase the third-party nuclear liability insurance. The deposit scheme for decommissioning highly dangerous radioactive sources will be worked out. A scheme needs to be developed for sharing and feedback of experience among the government, industrial associations and companies. The incentive scheme for good nuclear safety practice needs to be developed and improved. In the meantime, we need to enhance the basic capacity building for nuclear and radiation safety, especially accelerating the capacity building of local governments at all levels on commanding, response, monitoring, and technical supports for emergencies, setting up a nuclear incident emergency response and disaster relief team with follows unified dispatch, and enriching the emergency response materials and equipment.

5) Aiming at developing a social action scheme with participation by the whole nation, we need to step up the public publicity and science population. It is extremely important to get the public understanding and supports for nuclear and radiation regulation. We have both experience and lessons in this regard. An open and transparent information exchange platform needs to be established to increase the transparency of this sector. The information sharing system for nuclear facilities needs to be established, and identify the responsibility of government departments and nuclear facility operators in information sharing as well as the scope of information to be shared. We need to increase the public participation in the site selection, construction, operation, and decommissioning of nuclear facilities, and add popular science courses on nuclear and radiation safety in the basic education. A long-term education and publicity mechanism for nuclear safety needs to be set up to meet the public demand for information relevant to nuclear safety, increase the public understanding and shore up the public confidence in the safe use of nuclear energy and technology to avoid irrational social phenomena such as the  "salt rush " and  "unnecessary cobalt concerns ". We also need to improve the scheme for handling public relations during nuclear emergencies, share relevant official information as soon as possible, remove the doubts, prevent the misleading by false information, and maintain social stability.

Comrades, it is an arduous task, a glorious mission, a great opportunity, and a rare opportunity to ensure the nuclear and radiation safety. We have gone through the test over the past few years, we are more strong-minded, our capacity is substantially enhanced, and our achievements are obvious to all. In the upcoming period of time, the nuclear and radiation safety regulation work will be more valued by the whole society, and the people will place more expectations on it. The road ahead will be long and our climb will be steep. Let's unite closely around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as the General Secretary, profoundly practice the philosophy of science-based development, carry out the guidelines of the seventh national conference on environmental protection, and make more contributions to ensuring the nuclear and radiation safety, protecting the environment, and safeguarding the public health.